Research Paper on When G-quadruplexes are present in an IRES, their function in translation control is reversed.

Description

Title: When G-quadruplexes are present in an IRES, their function in translation control is reversed.

Abstract: Secondary nucleic acid structures called G-quadruplexes (GQs) regulate a number of cellular processes. The 50 UTR of mRNAs contains G-quadruplex-forming sequences that can act as both translational repressors and components necessary for optimal function. According to earlier studies, the majority of the 50 UTR GQ structures obstruct translation, most likely by obstructing the ribosome scanning procedure that is necessary for identifying the initiation codon. However, because they are required for translation initiation, some mRNAs that contain GQs have been identified as positive regulators of translation. Although the majority of cellular mRNAs use the 50 cap structure to initiate cap-dependent translation, many also use cap-independent translation when cap-dependent initiation is not possible or is slowed down, such as during development, under stress, and in many diseases. Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites (IRESs), which are found in the 50 UTR of mRNAs and have structural characteristics that can attract the ribosome or other factors to initiate translation without the need for a 50 cap, are the primary sites where cap-independent translation takes place. In this review, we will only concentrate on the function of RNA GQs found in the 50 UTR of mRNAs, where they are essential for the initiation of translation, and we will talk about a potential mechanism for this phenomenon that has not yet been fully outlined.

Keywords: G-quadruplex; IRES; context dependent; cap-independent translation; cellular mRNAs; ribosome recruitment mechanism

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Biomolecules

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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