Description
Title: Understanding the Complex Mu Opioid Actions through Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing of the Mu Opioid Receptor Gene, OPRM1
Abstract: The majority of opioid analgesics, such as morphine, fentanyl, and heroin, which are used clinically, primarily act through the mu opioid receptor, a class A Rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Numerous alternative splicing events result in the creation of multiple splice variants or isoforms from the single-copy mu opioid receptor gene, OPRM1. Based on the receptor structure, these OPRM1 splice variants can be divided into three main groups: (1) full-length 7 transmembrane (TM) C-terminal variants; (2) truncated 6TM variants; and (3) single TM variants. There is mounting evidence that these OPRM1 splice variants are crucial for mediating the various mu opioids’ unique actions. What’s more, the OPRM1 variants can be used to develop novel opioid analgesics that are effective against a variety of pain types without having many of the negative side effects associated with conventional opiates. We give an overview of OPRM1 alternative splicing and its functional significance in opioid pharmacology in this review.
Keywords: OPRM1; GPCR; alternative splicing; mu opioid receptor; opioid; morphine; fentanyl; biased signaling; gene targeting; pain
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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