Description
Title: Understanding Current Strategies, Progress, and Future Challenges for the COVID-19 Vaccine
Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by the global emergence of a novel coronavirus, specifically the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on human health and its clinical management has been extremely difficult. As a result, several vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and tested quickly at an exceptional rate. In the first half of 2021, several COVID-19 vaccines became commercially available as a result. Despite the fact that several COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated promising outcomes, important details regarding their epidemiology, defense mechanisms, and propensities for reinfection are not extensively reviewed. In the current report, we examined a variety of vaccination approaches, including DNA, mRNA, protein subunits, vector-based, live attenuated, and inactivated whole/viral particle-based vaccines, to provide insights into the prospects of vaccination against COVID-19. The major components of various vaccines available that have been deemed safe for use against COVID-19 by the World Health Organization and local governments were then reviewed. Additionally, we thoroughly evaluated the effectiveness of these licensed vaccines as well as any unfavorable side effects, such as the potential for reinfection. We also gave a status report on the vaccines that are currently being researched and could one day make excellent candidates. Finally, we reviewed carefully their current status, strategies, success, and upcoming challenges while providing insights into the COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology, potency, and propensity for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.
Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; coronaviruses; reinfection; epidemiology; spike protein; ACE2 receptor; antigenicity; immunity
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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