Research Paper on Understanding Animal Glutamate Receptors That Are Similar to Those in Arabidopsis Thaliana and Their Potential Uses: A Review

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Title: Understanding Animal Glutamate Receptors That Are Similar to Those in Arabidopsis Thaliana and Their Potential Uses: A Review

Abstract: Ionotropic glutamate receptors are responsible for the majority of excitatory impulses that neurons receive (iGluRs). The memory, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity are all significantly influenced by these receptors, which are found at the apex of the cell. These receptors are ion channels that are ligand-dependent and open to a variety of cations. The neurotransmitter glutamate stimulates the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA), and kainic acid central ionotropic receptors (KA). The available research indicates that excessive glutamate release promotes neurodegenerative disorders and results in neuronal cell death. Similar to the human ionotropic glutamate (iGluRs) receptor, Arabidopsis thaliana has 20 glutamate receptor genes (AtGluR). Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of AtGL-rec genes in various plant physiological and growth processes, including seed germination, root development, biotic and abiotic stress, and cell signaling, illuminating their role in plant biology. Despite these, Arabidopsis glutamate receptors (AtGluR), or “iGluRs,” are linked to ligand binding activity, which supports the evolutionary connection between animal and plant glutamate receptors. Along with the aforementioned actions, a connection between plant and animal glutamate receptors is suggested by the effect of mammalian agonists and antagonists on Arabidopsis. Additionally, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method is used to use these glutamate receptors (plant/animal) for the early detection of neurogenerative diseases. However, a number of academic institutions and laboratories are consistently focusing on glutamate receptors from various angles. Currently, we are also concentrating on glutamate receptors in Arabidopsis. The current review’s main objective is to update our understanding of AtGluR genes, including their evolution, functions, and expression, as well as how they compare to iGluRs. In addition, a high throughput method based on FRET nanosensors developed to comprehend glutamate receptor-mediated neurotransmitter signaling in plants and animals has been discussed. The updated data will help future researchers better understand the intricate molecular dynamics of glutamate receptors and discover novel insights into plant and animal biology.

Keywords: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; glutamate receptors; ligand binding domain;signaling

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Biology

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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