Description
Title: The Impacts of Corruption, Trade, CO2 Emissions, and Renewable Energy
Abstract: A variety of illegal activities that endanger society, the economy, and global warming and environmental issues are reflected in corruption. In this article, panel data for European nations, specifically Portugal, Spain, Italy, Ireland, and Greece, from 1995 to 2015, are used to examine the relationships between economic growth, corruption, renewable energy, global trade, and carbon dioxide emissions. This study employs the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), and panel two-stage least squares estimator as its econometric techniques (TSLS). We discovered that the variables are integrated I (1) in the first difference when we take into account the variables used in the research and the panel unit root test. Using the Pedroni and Kao residual cointegration test arguments, it is shown that the variables of corruption, economic growth, renewable energy, global trade, and carbon dioxide emissions are cointegrated over the long term. A unidirectional causal relationship exists between carbon dioxide emissions and corruption as well as between economic growth and corruption, according to Dumitrescu-methodology Hurlin’s for testing these relationships. The findings imply that economic expansion and the corruption index have a statistically significant positive influence on carbon dioxide emissions. However, international trade and the use of renewable energy sources limit climate change and enhance environmental quality.
Keywords: climate change; innovation; corruption; renewable energy; panel data
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Economics
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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