Description
Title: The Food Chain and Antimicrobial Resistance: Trends, Mechanisms, Pathways, and Potential Regulation Strategies
Abstract: Since it has the potential to harm human health on a global scale, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to be of great interest to various food stakeholders. Food contamination can occur at any point, from the field to the store, due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and/or genes (transfer in pathogenic bacteria). Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are more common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in developed nations, according to research. Foodborne pathogens are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pathogenic bacteria can be transmitted directly or indirectly from food to consumers. Therefore, a variety of national and international strategies are required to prevent the spread of foodborne pathogens and to advance the safety and security of food. Zoonotic microbes can spread through the food chain, the environment, and living things. Antimicrobial medications are used all over the world to prevent infections in production agriculture as well as to treat infections in humans and animals. According to research, food can pick up AMR bacteria (AMRB) along the supply chain from farm to processing to retail to consumer. Controlling the use of antibiotics throughout food production, in both crop and animal agriculture, is essential to reducing the risk of AMRB in humans. The main conclusions of this review are: (1) the methods by which AMRB enters the food chain during the production of crops and animals, among other modes; (2) the prevention and control measures for AMRB; and (3) the impact on human health if AMR is not addressed globally. The shortcomings of the current systems for monitoring the use of antimicrobials in food production and/or AMR in the food chain are thoroughly discussed.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance/AMR; food chain; foodborne infection; pathogens; food safety; pathways of antimicrobial resistance; regulatory guidelines
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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