Description
Title: Strategies for Combating Antimicrobial Drug Resistance through the Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics
Abstract: A biofilm is a collection of stably growing microorganisms that are enclosed in an extracellular matrix that they have produced. Biofilms can be created by a wide variety of microorganisms, whether they are present on living hosts or in the environment. These include pathogenic bacteria that can act as a reservoir for persistent infections, are responsible for the emergence of antibiotic resistance, which makes them challenging to treat, and are linked to a wide range of chronic illnesses. The lack of antibiotics that specifically target biofilms in the drug discovery pipeline suggests that there is untapped potential for developing novel biofilm inhibitors as antimicrobial agents that employ a variety of strategies and target various stages of biofilm formation. Targeting the microorganism-specific enzymes and proteins as well as those involved in the adhesion pathways that result in the formation of resistant biofilms is one method for controlling the formation of biofilms. The main focus of this review is on the most recent methods and developments that have led to the discovery of a wide range of antibiofilm agents and their mechanisms of biofilm inhibition, including extracellular polymeric substance synthesis inhibitors, adhesion inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors, efflux pump inhibitors, and cyclic diguanylate inhibitors. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these agents are also presented, including recently identified biofilm inhibitors, bioactive scaffolds derived from nature, synthetic small molecules, antimicrobial peptides, bioactive compounds isolated from fungi, non-proteinogenic amino acids, and antibiotics. Through a multifaceted strategy and combinatorial therapeutics, we hope to pique interest in and concentrate research efforts on the development of agents targeting the distinctively complex, physical, and chemical heterogeneous biofilms for more efficient control and management of biofilms across diseases.
Keywords: biofilms; infection; inhibitors; extracellular polymeric substances; antimicrobials; small molecules
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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