Description
Title: Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands and Conventional Treatment Plants in Reducing Antibiotic Resistance
Abstract: Rich bacterial communities, including pathogenic and commensal organisms that are antibiotic-resistant, can be found in domestic and industrial wastewater discharges (AR). The health of people and animals may be threatened by AR pathogens. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), bacteria come into contact with conditions that are conducive to horizontal gene transfer, giving them a chance to pick up new antibiotic-resistant genes. WWTPs are regarded as an important control point for antibiotic resistance because they have numerous entry points to environmental components, particularly water and soil. The reduction of resistant microbes is not intended for use in the primary and secondary units of conventional WWTPs. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective methods for treating wastewater that may be able to reduce the amount of AR bacteria, their genes, pathogens, and other pollutants. Positive results for the removal of AR (2-4 logs) have brought attention to the usefulness of CW on fields. They are well suited for applications around the world, particularly in developing and low-income nations, due to their low cost of construction, operation, and maintenance. The focus of the current review is on improving knowledge of the effectiveness of conventional treatment facilities and CWs in removing or reducing AR from wastewater. They are practical options that can be applied for secondary/tertiary treatment or effluent polishing either in conjunction with WWTP or decentralizedly.
Keywords: conventional treatment plants; wastewater; treated effluent; constructed wetlands; antibiotic-resistant genes/bacteria; macrophytes
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Antibiotics
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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