Description
Title: Reactive oxygen species’ role in the development of cancer: molecular mechanisms and recent developments
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial to biological processes, and the steady production of ROS in healthy cells is managed by the proper balance of effects mediated by low and high ROS concentrations. It’s interesting to note that ROS dynamically affects the tumor microenvironment and is capable of promoting cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival at various concentrations. At moderate concentrations, ROS activates the nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-B), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling cascade, which in turn activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kin (VEGF). ROS can induce the apoptosis of cancer cells in high concentrations. Therefore, whether ROS levels promote tumorigenesis or cause apoptosis depends critically on them. Targeting ROS’s dual actions with respect to concentration bias, which must be closely watched to prevent tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, is the main challenge if ROS are to be used as exogenous or endogenous therapeutic targets. Overall, more research is needed to fully understand ROS’s potential as a potent anti-tumor modality and therapeutic target for the treatment of malignancies.
Keywords: reactive oxygen species (ROS); oxidative stress; inflammation; angiogenesis; metastasis; miRNA
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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