Description
Title: Potential Role for Gut Microbiota in Mn-Induced Neurotoxicity
Abstract: An essential metal called manganese (Mn) can cause neurodegeneration and neurotoxic effects when exposed in high doses. Neuroinflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other mechanisms all play a role in the neurotoxic effects of Mn. According to recent research, gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is known to cause neurodegeneration by secreting neuroactive and proinflammatory metabolites, may be affected by excessive Mn exposure. Therefore, in this review, we go over the information that is currently available regarding how Mn exposure affects the diversity of the gut microbiota, the production of bacterial metabolites, and systemic levels that regulate gut wall permeability. The abundance of bacteria belonging to the phyla Shiegella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia, Parabacteroides, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and others may change as a result of Mn exposure, according to recent research. Lipopolysaccharide levels could rise as a result of an increase in Bacteroidetes abundance brought on by Mn and a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Additionally, Mn has the ability to potentiate the neurotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in addition to elevating systemic LPS levels. Due to intestinal microflora’s high metabolic activity, Mn-induced changes to the gut microbiota cause a significant alteration in the gut metabolome, which may at least partially mediate the biological effects of Mn overexposure. While this is going on, a recent study found that healthy microbiome transplantation reduces Mn-induced neurotoxicity, which suggests that gut microflora plays a significant role in the cascade of Mn-mediated neurotoxicity. Through the disruption of tight junctions, high doses of Mn may cause enterocyte toxicity and affect the integrity of the gut wall. The resultant rise in gut wall permeability further encourages increased LPS and neuroactive bacterial metabolite translocation to the systemic blood flow, eventually gaining access to the brain and causing neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalance. Determining the interaction between Mn exposure and the gut as well as its role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and other diseases will require more in-depth studies, but in light of the current data, we hypothesize that the gut microbiota should be taken into account as a potential target of Mn toxicity.
Keywords: manganese; gut microbiome; bacterial metabolites; lipopolysaccharide; neurotoxicity
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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