Description
Title: Phycoremediation: Sequestering Heavy Metals with Algae
Abstract: The rate and concentration of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and underground water may have accelerated due to industrialization, natural processes, and urbanization. When plants and animals consume such contaminated water, these HMs may accumulate in them and eventually find their way into human food chains. To remove HMs, a variety of remediation technologies have been used. In the past, a variety of conventional methods, including ion exchange, electrolytic technologies, and chemical extraction, have been used; however, the majority of these methods are not cost-effective for large-scale projects and require strict control and ongoing monitoring. Additionally, these technologies are not very effective at getting rid of HMs. Algae present a sustainable and environmentally friendly option for removing HMs from contaminated water in this context. Phycoremediation benefits from the accumulation of HMs by macro and microalgae compared to other methods that are not cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In order to make the most of phytoaccumulation and remove dangerous metals from aquatic habitats, it is urgently necessary to improve the likelihood of HM accumulation in algae. To do this, genetic engineering techniques must be used to create transgenic species that overexpress metallothioneins and phytochelatins. The main sources of HMs, their harmful effects on people, the potential of algae in phytoremediation (also known as phycoremediation), and their mechanism of HM uptake are all covered in this review.
Keywords: heavy metals; phycoremediation; algae; aquatic ecosystem
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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