Description
Title: Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer Is Involved by Immune Cell Modulation of Extracellular Matrix
Abstract: Only 9% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) survive the disease for five years. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins make up the dense, fibrotic stroma that distinguishes PDAC from other tumor types. Desmoplastic stroma is a physical barrier that is immunosuppressive and prevents cytotoxic chemotherapy agents from penetrating into the tumor microenvironment. It is a defining feature of PDAC (TME). Furthermore, a dense ECM encourages hypoxia, which makes tumor cells sensitive to radiation therapy and modifies their metabolism, enabling growth and survival. In this review, we discuss the important role that fibrosis plays in the development of pancreatic cancer, with an emphasis on the interactions between immune cells and pancreatic stellate cells that result in the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We focus on the cellular mechanisms by which neutrophils and macrophages, in particular, modify the ECM to promote PDAC progression. Additionally, we look into how immunosuppression in PDAC is influenced by activated stellate cells and the ECM. We conclude by summarizing therapeutic approaches that target the stroma and prevent immune cells from promoting fibrogenesis, which have, regrettably, had conflicting outcomes. Improved knowledge of the intricate interactions between immune cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of pancreatic tumors may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches for this deadly condition.
Keywords: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; extracellular matrix; fibrosis; immune cell modulation; neutrophils; neutrophil extracellular trap; macrophages
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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