Description
Title: Overview of adaptive and low-rank approximation algorithms for simulating the impact of electromagnetism waves produced by cell phone antenna on the human head
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Paper type: Analysis Based Research Paper
Subject: Computer Science
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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Abstract: This article provides an overview of the formulations and algorithms used to predict how electromagnetic waves affect the human skull. We begin with a three-dimensional MRI image of the human head that is an adaptive approximation. The time-harmonic Maxwell equations are then solved using a 1.8 GHz smartphone antenna. We determine the precise absorption rate that is employed to generate heat in the Pennes bioheat equation, which simulates the heat produced by EM waves inside the cranium. We provide a hybrid adaptive algorithm that solves the Maxwell and Pennes equations, iterates the time steps, and refines the computational mesh all at once. For the factorization of the matrices, we use the sparse Gaussian elimination approach with low-rank compression of the off-diagonal matrix blocks. We conclude by stating that elevated brain tissue temperatures (up to 38.4 C) are caused by 15 minutes of chatting with a 1.8 GHz antenna using one watt of electricity.
Keywords: mesh generation, mesh adaptation, Pennes bioheat equations, time-harmonic Maxwell equations, sparse factorization, low rank approximation
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