Description
Title: Insulin Production and Nutrient Regulation of Pancreatic Islet -Cell Secretory Capacity
AbstracFor secretory adaptations that sync insulin production and release with nutrient needs, pancreatic islet -cells are remarkably flexible. This crucial property of the -cell can enable compensatory adjustments that boost secretory output to combat insulin resistance in the early stages of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the molecular regulators of secretory expansion that accommodate the increased biosynthetic burden of packaging and producing additional insulin granules, such as enhanced ER and Golgi functions, remain poorly defined. Nutrient-stimulated increases in proinsulin biosynthesis may be the cause of this -cell adaptive compensation. The -cell succumbs to metabolic defects that alter glucose metabolism and a decline in nutrient-regulated secretory functions, including impaired proinsulin processing and a shortage of mature insulin-containing secretory granules, as these adaptive mechanisms fail and T2D progresses. The adaptative plasticity of the secretory program of the pancreatic islet cell’s allows insulin production to be precisely matched with nutrient availability and peripheral cues for insulin signaling. This review will go over this topic. Additionally, we will draw attention to potential flaws in the secretory pathway that restrict or postpone the production of insulin granules, which may be a factor in the deterioration of -cell function during the pathogenesis of T2D.t:
Keywords: beta-cell function; insulin granule; proinsulin; secretory granule biogenesis; insulin secretion; granule trafficking; ER function; glutathione; Golgi
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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