Research Paper on Impacts on Public and Environmental Health of the Taxonomic and Functional Distribution of Bacterial Communities in Residential and Hospital Wastewater Systems

Description

Title: Impacts on Public and Environmental Health of the Taxonomic and Functional Distribution of Bacterial Communities in Residential and Hospital Wastewater Systems

Abstract: Hospital and domestic wastewater discharge into receiving water bodies without treatment is still a common practice in developing nations. These wastewaters unfortunately contain antibiotic and other antimicrobial residues as well as microbial shedding, which has both direct and indirect effects on public and environmental health, including the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and an increase in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This is due to an ever-increasing population of people who are perpetually taking medication. Using high-throughput sequencing analysis and solid-phase extraction coupled with Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis, respectively, this study evaluated the taxonomic and functional profiles of bacterial communities as well as the antibiotic concentrations in untreated domestic wastewater (DWW) and hospital wastewater (HWW). Both wastewater systems’ physical-chemical characteristics were also established. In HWW samples compared to DWW samples, the mean antibiotic concentration as well as the concentrations of Cl, F, and PO4 3 were higher. Proteobacteria dominated HWW samples with a sequence coverage of 86.32%, while the phylum Firmicutes dominated DWW samples with a sequence coverage of 59.61%. Exiguobacterium (20.65%) and Roseomonas (67.41%) were the two most common genera at the genus level in the DWW and HWW samples, respectively. In HWW (Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio) and DWW (Clostridium, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium, Bordetella, Staphylococcus, and Rhodococcus) samples, various pathogenic or opportunistic bacterial genera were found. Vancomycin resistance, beta-lactam resistance, and cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance genes were found in HWW samples, according to functional prediction analysis. The presence of pathogens was positively correlated with the presence of these antibiotic resistance genes and cassettes. These results highlight the danger that untreated domestic and hospital wastewater discharge into environmental water bodies poses to public and environmental health.

Keywords: antimicrobials; antibiotic resistance genes; untreated wastewater; public health; environmental health

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Antibiotics

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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