Description
Title: Extracellular vesicles Play a Pioneering Role in Cancer Initiation, Progression, Drug Therapy, and Immunization Prospects
Abstract: One of the main causes of death worldwide is cancer. Only cancer-related deaths were blamed for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The progression of cancer is influenced by a number of variables, including lifestyle choices and genetic makeup. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy failure, claims a recent study. Intracellular communication, tissue homeostasis maintenance, and disease pathogenesis are all important aspects of EV function. In a healthy individual, EVs carry various cargoes, including miRNA, lncRNA, etc., to support other bodily processes. However, the same EV in a tumor microenvironment transports miRNA, lncRNA, and other cargoes to start or aid cancer progression at different stages. The proliferation of cells and evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasion and metastasis, reprogramming of the energy metabolism, thwarting of the immune response, and mutation transfer are a few examples of these stages. The body’s normal functions are manipulated by tumor-derived EVs, and they also have an impact on the epigenetics of healthy cells by limiting their genetic makeup through the transfer of mutations, histone modifications, etc. Through the transmission of drug efflux pumps and the presence of multiple drug resistances, tumor-derived EVs also present therapy resistance. These EVs can also function as biomarkers for various cancer types and stages, which ultimately aids in the early detection of cancer. In this review, we will explain how EVs function normally in the body, how they relate to various cancer hallmarks, how they change a normal cell’s genetic makeup in a tumor microenvironment, how they contribute to therapy resistance, and how crucial EVs are as diagnostic tools.
Keywords: cancer; extracellular vesicles; diagnostic tools; long non-coding RNAs; miRNA; angiogenesis; immune response; metastasis; exosomes
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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