Description
Title: Erythrocyte-Derived Microparticles and Complement Prevent Erythrocyte Haemolysis During Malaria Infection
Abstract: Background. Malaria is still a threat to people worldwide, but particularly to those who live in sub-Saharan Africa because it causes patients to experience ongoing morbidity and mortality due to malaria-associated anemia. Due to its special characteristics and the fact that the erythrocytes bear the brunt of the malarial infection that causes anemia, this study’s target, the invasion and destruction of erythrocytes by merozoites, was necessary. The reason uninfected RBCs are destroyed more than infected ones is the cause of malaria anemia. Studies have suggested that cytophilic anti-RSP2 (ring surface protein 2—merozoite rhoptry protein 2) antibodies present in sera enhance macrophages’ direct or indirect phagocytosis of RSP2-tagged RBCs, while others have suggested that RSP2 is transferred to both infected and uninfected RBCs, potentially making them more phagocytic targets. What is lacking is the mediator molecules, which are responsible for transferring these parasite-induced surface proteins onto the uninfected RBCs. We suggest that erythrocyte-derived microparticles (EMPs) may be the potential mediators in light of the intracellular location of the parasite in the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane and the absence of a transport mechanism like the Golgi apparatus within the mature RBC due to the latter’s lack of a nucleus. Aim. This study aims to investigate the immunological interactions between host erythrocytes and EMPs released during malarial infections that may result in their lysis, possibly via complement-mediated mechanisms. Methods. In this experimental study, plasma from malaria-positive patients was differentially centrifuged in order to isolate malarial EMPs. Following this, malaria-positive EMPs were added to uninfected blood group “O” negative erythrocytes in the presence of complement, and any signs of hemolysis were observed. Results and Verdict. There were statistically significant (p 0.01) increases in mean percentage hemolysis with increasing volume of EMPs at a fixed volume of 50 L complement. Similar to this, there were statistically significant (p 0.01) increases in mean percentage hemolysis with increasing volumes of complement at a fixed volume of 50 L EMPs. It showed that complement and EMPs both significantly contribute to the hemolysis of uninfected erythrocytes that occurs during malaria infection.
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Medicine
Sub Category: Hematology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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