Research Paper on EpCAM’s dynamic regulation during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Functional Implications

Description

Title: EpCAM’s dynamic regulation during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Functional Implications

Abstract: Transmembrane glycoprotein EpCAM, or epithelial cell adhesion molecule, is expressed in epithelial tissues. EpCAM promotes the homeostasis of epithelial tissue, modulates the formation of epithelial junctional protein complexes, and forms intercellular, homophilic adhesions. EpCAM is a molecular therapy target and is important in tumor biology. In this review, we concentrate on the functional effects of EpCAM expression on the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the dynamic regulation of EpCAM expression during EMT. In contrast to mesenchymal cancers, epithelial cancers frequently and strongly express EpCAM. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and EMT transcription factors, as well as controlled intramembrane proteolysis, reduce EpCAM expression during EMT (RIP). EpCAM may play a variety of roles in tumor biology and EMT, as evidenced by the frequent dependence of the functional impact of EpCAM expression on tumor biology on the type of cancer and dominant oncogenic signaling pathways. Cancers cause the membrane protein EpCAM to cleave, and its intracellular domain (EpICD) is then transported into the nucleus where it binds to LEF1, FHL2, and -catenin. This activates gene transcription, promoting properties of cancer stem cells and EMT. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling also controls EpCAM, and the EpCAM ectoderm (EpEX) is an EGFR ligand that influences EMT. EpCAM regulates metastases and reactions to cancer treatments and is expressed on circulating tumor and cancer stem cells undergoing EMT. EpCAM’s function in EMT may be further investigated in the future, opening up new therapeutic possibilities.

Keywords: epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); epithelial cancers; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); metastasis; circulating tumor cells (CTCs); cancer stem cells (CSCs)

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Biomolecules

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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