Research Paper on Differential Dynamics, Molecular Mechanisms, and Effects on Tumor Progression of Acute, Chronic, and Cyclic Hypoxia

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Title: Differential Dynamics, Molecular Mechanisms, and Effects on Tumor Progression of Acute, Chronic, and Cyclic Hypoxia

Abstract: It has been demonstrated that hypoxia makes tumor progression more severe and aggressive. Solid tumors contain cycling hypoxic regions in addition to chronic and acute hypoxic regions (also called intermittent hypoxia or IH). Periodic exposure to cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation mimics cyclic hypoxia in vitro and in vivo (H–R cycles). Cyclical hypoxia has been found to more strongly promote a number of cancer hallmarks than chronic hypoxia, including angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, survival, etc. Cycling hypoxia has also been demonstrated to significantly increase the risk of cancer in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this article, we first compare and contrast the cellular processes impacted by acute, chronic, and intermittent hypoxia in terms of the molecular pathways that are activated. We emphasize the need to look into different combinations of factors influencing cellular adaptation to hypoxia, including total duration of hypoxia, oxygen (O2) concentration, and the presence and frequency of H-R cycles, in order to highlight the underlying complexity of these differential effects. We conclude by summarizing the effects of cycling hypoxia on various cancer hallmarks and emphasizing how they depend on the aforementioned variables. In our conclusion, we make a plea for a comprehensive and thorough examination of the impacts of various levels and lengths of hypoxia on cells, using methods like mechanism-based mathematical modeling and microfluidic setups.

Keywords: cyclic hypoxia; intermittent hypoxia; obstructive sleep apnea; HIF-1α signaling; acute hypoxia; chronic hypoxia; mathematical modeling

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Biomolecules

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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