Research Paper on Co-Resistance to Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metals in ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India, Mediated by Plasmids

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Title: Co-Resistance to Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metals in ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India, Mediated by Plasmids

Abstract: One of the most important health crises facing the world today is antibiotic resistance. The aquatic environment has developed into a hotspot for the emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria as a result of rising contamination with antimicrobials, pesticides, and heavy metals. The current study’s objective was to identify the co-resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, and heavy metals among bacterial isolates carrying ESBL genes. The genetic determinants of resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, mercury, and arsenic were discovered among 73 bacterial strains that were isolated from a heavily polluted section of the Yamuna River in Delhi. These strains were examined for those carrying the blaCTX-M, blaTEM, or blaSHV genes. The qnrA, B, C, and qnrD genes could not be found in any of the isolates, but the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrS was found in 22 of them. There were found to be two CMY variants, blaCMY-2 and blaCMY-42, in eight and seven strains, respectively. Furthermore, 40, 40, 44, and 24 different bacterial strains, respectively, contained the merB, merP, merT, and arsC genes. A transconjugation experiment also looked into the co-transfer of various resistance genes. Successful transconjugants shared the same antibiotic and heavy metal tolerance as their donors and had the same heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes. This study highlights the need to research the genetic basis of resistant microorganisms and their implications for public health by showing that the aquatic environment is a significant reservoir of bacteria harboring resistance genes to antibiotics and heavy metals. 

Keywords: antibiotic resistance; plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance; AmpC β-lactamases; heavy metal resistance; aquatic environment

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Antibiotics

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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