Description
Title: Calprotectin: A Ligand of Receptors Mediating Inflammation and Potential Drug Target from a Structural Perspective
Abstract: Calprotectin, an essential component of the innate immune response, is a heterodimer of the calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9. Calprotectin (CP) is a ligand for several pattern-recognition cell surface receptors, such as the cluster of differentiation 33, toll-like receptor 4, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) (CD33). Through the NF-kB pathway, the receptors start kinase signaling cascades that activate inflammation. When CP activates a receptor, both the receptor and its ligand are upregulated, creating a positive feedback loop linked to particular chronic inflammatory syndromes. Therefore, it has been suggested that CP and its two constituent homodimers could be potential targets to inhibit some chronic inflammation pathologies. Over the past 30 years, a number of CP and other S100 protein inhibitors have been studied, but none have made significant progress into clinical trials. Here, recent developments in the creation of CP-directed chemotherapeutics are reviewed along with current understanding of how CP interacts with its receptors.
Keywords: S100 proteins; calprotectin; small molecule inhibitor; inflammation; RAGE; TLR4; CD33
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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