Description
Title: Ahead of Schedule: Nanobodies for Medical Imaging
Abstract: Recent improvements in medical care have had a revolutionary impact on how patients, particularly those with cancer, are managed and treated. Patients’ life expectancies have significantly increased over the past ten years for a variety of locally advanced or metastatic cancers, including melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies. Despite these positive results, the current problem with these treatments is that many patients are still largely unresponsive and suffer from toxic side effects. We will get closer to creating more potent therapeutics if we gain a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these diverse responses. Non-invasive imaging techniques offer useful whole-body data with precise targeting for evaluating these mechanisms. Immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is one instance of this, which uses radiolabeled antibodies to find particular molecules of interest. Since nanobodies are the smallest derived antibody fragments, they have the perfect properties for this use and have been widely used in preclinical models and, more recently, in early-stage clinical studies. Their superiority is due, among other things, to their high affinity and specificity for a target. Furthermore, their small size (14 kDa) enables them to uniformly and consistently disperse through the bloodstream and reach tissues. In this review, we will talk about the potent imaging capabilities of nanobodies, focusing mainly on the imaging of malignant tumors but also briefly mentioning their ability to image a wider range of nonmalignant diseases.
Keywords: nanobodies; VHHs; molecular imaging; radionuclide imaging; immuno-PET; SPECT/CT; cancer-specific markers; immune checkpoint imaging
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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