Research Paper on A qualitative investigation of antibiotic use in smallholder livestock settings in rural West Bengal, India, under the hypothesis that “If It Works in People, Why Not Animals?”

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Title: A qualitative investigation of antibiotic use in smallholder livestock settings in rural West Bengal, India, under the hypothesis that “If It Works in People, Why Not Animals?”

Abstract: In India, smallholder farms are the most common type of livestock system. Animals are frequently kept in close proximity to family members, and veterinary services are not widely available. On the other hand, little is known about the use of antibiotics in India’s smallholder livestock. In two rural West Bengal sites, we looked into the availability, use, and factors that influence antibiotics in smallholder livestock production systems, including the mixing of human and veterinary antibiotics. Key informants (n = 9), livestock keepers (n = 37), and formal and informal antibiotic suppliers from the veterinary and human health sectors (n = 26) were all the subjects of qualitative interviews. Data were thematically analyzed and interpreted using a One Health framework. Antibiotics were primarily used by livestock keepers and providers to treat individual animals and to prevent disease in poultry, but not to promote growth. All providers engaged in the crossover use of human antibiotic formulations in livestock and used (highest priority) critically important antimicrobials for human health. Crossover use was fueled by a lack of access to veterinary medications and services as well as the perceived effectiveness and simplicity of administering human antibiotics to animals. Since they were thought to have negative effects on humans, veterinary antibiotics were not used for human health. Given the extent of protected antibiotic usage and crossover-use, community-level interventions should adopt a One Health strategy that takes into account all antibiotic providers and livestock keepers and prioritizes the creation of evidence-based guidelines to encourage responsible antibiotic use in animals.

Keywords: antibiotic usage; antibiotic resistance; smallholder; livestock; poultry; animal health; antibiotic stewardship; qualitative; India; One Health

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Antibiotics

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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