Description
Title: A New Wave of PHA Biopolyesters Industrialization
Abstract: Plastics’ ever-increasing use, fossil origin, and particularly their persistence in nature have sparked a wave of new developments in renewable materials that offer plastics’ functionalities and are biodegradable. Such biopolymers include polyhydroxyalkanoates. Numerous microorganisms biosynthesize (PHAs) by converting carbon-rich renewable resources. The intracellular byproducts of secondary microbial metabolism are PHA homo- and heteropolyesters. PHA biopolymers, which are extracted from microbial biomass and mimic many of the top-selling petrochemical-derived plastics in terms of functionality, biodegrade in soil, freshwater, and marine environments. and are compostable in both commercial and residential settings. Five of the few PHA biopolymers that have been thoroughly studied reliably match the desired material properties of well-known fossil plastics. Recognizing the advantages of PHA biopolymers, numerous PHA is now being produced and used in a variety of commercial and industrial applications by established chemical companies as well as numerous start-ups, brand owners, and converters, in what can be characterized as as the “PHA industry” starting to take off. With over 25 businesses and start-ups, as well as more than 30 brand owners, announcing partnerships in PHA production and use, this positive industrial and commercial relevance of PHA is by no means the first wave in its commercial development. Five types of PHA—poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), and combinations thereof—represent the total product portfolio of the producing companies. Despite the fact that PHAs as a class of polymers have the potential to create virtually endless combinations of polymers useful to humanity, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) is a particular PHA. These PHA biopolymers, which account for 230 million t of annual plastics production, currently mimic the properties of the seven most popular fossil plastics by varying the type and content of co-monomers. 1.5 million t of capacity expansions over the following five years have been announced. Globally, policymakers have taken notice and are pressuring business to use compostable and biodegradable materials. PHAs have the potential to make a significant quantum leap in the fight against climate change by reducing plastic pollution, the use of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, and single-use and durable applications. This review discusses PHA biopolymers’ properties, fields of application, and 40 years’ worth of failures and successes in their commercialization.
Keywords: biopolymers; commercialization; copolyester; homopolyester; polyhydroxyalkanoate
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Bioengineering
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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