Description
Title: Utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans to Research Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity
Abstract: Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is widespread throughout the world. The worm exhibits similarities to mammalian systems and expresses about 40% of the genes linked to human disease. There have been an increasing number of studies using C. elegans as a tool to investigate topics in several fields of biochemistry, neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology since Dr. Sydney Brenner first suggested C. elegans as an advantageous experimental worm-model system for genetic approaches. Accordingly, C. elegans has been employed to characterize the molecular mechanisms and affected pathways caused by metals that result in neurotoxicity, as well as the pathophysiological interaction between metal exposure and ongoing neurodegenerative disorders. Lead, cadmium, and mercury are just a few of the toxic metals that are known to be significant environmental contaminants and have negative effects on human health when exposed. When accumulated at higher concentrations, essential substances that are necessary to preserve cellular homeostasis and regular physiological processes can also become toxic. As an illustration, manganese (Mn), a trace essential element, is involved in a variety of biological processes including enzymatic activity, energy metabolism, and maintenance of cell functions. Nevertheless, behavioral alterations brought on by Mn overexposure in C. elegans are consistent with the dopaminergic system being the main target of Mn neurotoxicity. It has been demonstrated that Caenorhabditis elegans is a crucial tool for studies on neuron morphology using fluorescent transgenic worms. Additionally, worms may be used in behavioral experiments, and Mn exposure is likely to alter neurotransmitter levels as well as associated gene expression. Similarly, mutant worms can be used to research the expression of proteins involved in the biosynthesis, transport, storage, and uptake of dopamine, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying Mn toxicity. Additionally, this review identifies some benefits and drawbacks of using the C. elegans experimental model and offers suggestions for potential future uses of this model in investigations meant to evaluate Mn neurotoxicity and associated mechanisms.
Keywords: manganese; trace elements; alternative animal models; neurodegeneration; neurotoxicology;
C. elegans
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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