Description
Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Toxicology and Sequestration of Heavy Metals in Plants
Abstract: In recent years, heavy metal (HM) toxicity has gained international attention and poses a serious threat to both the environment and human health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which target the important biological molecules, are produced when HM concentrations rise above a threshold in plants, which negatively affects cellular metabolism. In addition, some HMs, including mercury and arsenic, can directly alter the activities of proteins and enzymes by targeting their -SH groups, which further slows down cellular metabolism. In particular, photosynthesis has been inhibited been classified as HM toxicity because HMs cause the breakdown of chlorophyll molecules by increasing the activity of the enzyme chlorophyllase and by substituting the central Mg ion in the porphyrin ring, which has an impact on overall plant growth and productivity. Therefore, plants use a variety of techniques to reduce a variety of molecules, including proteins like phytochelatins, metallothionein, compatible solutes, and secondary metabolites, limit the uptake of these HMs and their sequestration into the vacuoles to reduce the toxic effects of HMs. In this in-depth analysis, we provided information on a wider range of HM toxicity issues, including their detrimental effects on plant growth, the defenses put in place by plants to combat HM toxicity, and the molecular basis for HM toxicity and sequestration in plants.
Keywords: heavy metals; ROS; redox status; photosynthesis; antioxidants; sequestration
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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