Description
Title: Sugar to Biofuel Conversion: Beyond Ethanol
Abstract: The two types of ethanol that have been industrially produced in large quantities in the USA and Brazil, respectively, are currently the most significant sources of biofuels. However, the ultimate objective of the production of biofuels is to create fuels from Sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass with ideal fuel qualities and compatibility with the current fuel distribution system. To accomplish this, metabolic pathways have been developed to produce different fuel molecules that are divided into four categories: fuels derived from fatty acids, fuels derived from isoprenoids, and non-fermentative alcohols from 2-keto acid pathways. Current metabolic engineering initiatives to increase the productivity and yield of several important biofuel molecules will be the main topic of this review. These metabolic engineering efforts employed the following general approaches: (1) better enzyme identification; (2) flux control of intermediates and precursors; (3) elimination of competing pathways; (4) redox balance and cofactor regeneration; and (5) circumventing regulatory mechanisms. In addition to metabolic engineering techniques, host strains are improved by increasing tolerance to toxic hydrolysates, metabolic intermediates, and/or biofuel products, as well as sugar uptake and utilization.
Keywords: biofuels; ethanol; advanced biofuels; lignocellulosic biomass; metabolic engineering
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Bioengineering
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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