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Title: Roles of Genetics, Environment, and the Brain in Teleost Sex Determination and Differentiation
Abstract: A sophisticated biological system makes up the fish reproductive system. However, the process of developing reproductive organs—which begins with sex determination and continues with sex differentiation—is conserved. A teleost’s sex is determined by genetics, environmental factors, or both in order to distinguish it from bipotential primordium. These two processes are unique to certain species. The determination of sex and sex differentiation are influenced by a number of important genes and environmental factors. Most sex-determining genes suppress the female pathway at the cellular level. Temperature, density, hypoxia, pH, and social interaction are environmental factors. Sex differentiation takes control of the development of the gonadal organs once the sexual destiny has been established. Depending on the sexual outcome, environmental factors can activate or suppress different male and female pathways. In addition to these elements, the function of the brain during sex determination and differentiation is still unknown. However, GnRH III knockout has favored a population that is biased toward men, showing that the brain is involved in determining sex. LH and FSH may not affect gonadal differentiation during sex differentiation, but they are necessary for controlling sex differentiation. In this review, the sex determination and sex differentiation in a few teleost species are discussed in relation to prominent genes, environmental factors, and the brain.
Keywords: sex determination; sex differentiation; bipotential gonad; brain
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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