Description
Title: Cytokines and Growth Factors May Play A Part in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis
Abstract: One of the most well-known neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affects a person’s ability to think clearly. As a result of various degenerating events, AD causes a gradual decline in neuronal function. Several neuroimmune players, including cytokines and growth factors, which are crucial for preserving CNS homeostasis, become aberrant as a result of the interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems. This aberrance promotes neuronal cell apoptosis and underlies neuroinflammation. It has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation, which involves microglial activation, exacerbates AD. This review sought to clarify the function of cytokines, growth factors, and related mechanisms involved in AD progression, particularly with regard to neuroinflammation. Further shedding light on the availability and accessibility of cytokines across the blood-brain barrier and choroid plexus in AD pathophysiology, we also assessed the propensities and specific mechanism(s) of cytokines and growth factors impacting neuron upon apoptotic decline. In addition, the discussion covered the protective and pathogenic functions of glial cells, neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic-related growth factors, TAU phosphorylation, advanced glycation end products, complement system, and macrophage migration and inhibitory factors in AD and neuropsychiatric pathology. Together, these factors’ newly discovered roles in AD pathology highlight how critical it is to develop cutting-edge approaches for the therapeutic and neuropsychiatric management of AD in clinics.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; cytokines; chemokines; neuroinflammation; neurotrophic factors; pathophysiology; blood brain barrier; mild cognitive impairment; brain health; therapeutics
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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