Description
Title: Male infertility and Endocrinopathies
Abstract: The prevalence of male infertility is rising to alarming levels worldwide, and it has a variety of negative effects on the couple who is affected. As endocrine disorders are notably reversible causes of male infertility, the hormonal assessment is a crucial part of the male fertility evaluation. Maintaining normal male fertility parameters requires precise hormonal control. The main male reproductive process, spermatogenesis, requires a sufficient level of testosterone, which is created by the process of steroidogenesis in the Leydig cells. To achieve normal testicular functions, both gonadotropins must be present at physiological levels. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is produced by the hypothalamus, is regarded as the primary inducer of gonadotropins and the subsequent endocrine reproductive events. Numerous other reproductive and nonreproductive hormones, including the thyroidal or adrenal axis, may modulate this hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. A variety of endocrinopathies can result from the disruption of this delicate hormonal balance and its interaction, which can cause subfertility or infertility in men. In order to provide a clear understanding of the endocrine disruptions that mediate male infertility, this review article will discuss the most significant endocrinopathies linked to male factor infertility. This will hopefully inspire further research to reveal the precise etiology of male infertility and possibly lead to the development of more specialized treatments for endocrinopathy-induced male infertility.
Keywords: endocrinopathies; male infertility; hypothyroidism; hyperprolactinemia
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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