Description
Title: The myth and reality of BCG providing trained immunity to COVID-19
Abstract: The only vaccine available against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacille Calmette-Guérin, or BCG, can cause a marked Th1 polarization of T-cells, which is characterized by the antigen-specific secretion of IFN- and enhanced antiviral response. The idea of immunity being non-specifically boosted for protection by BCG and other microbes has been supported by a number of studies. Since it confers “non-specific heterologous” immunity against the virus that caused the most recent pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), BCG is a well-known illustration of a trained immunity inducer. Worldwide, SARS-CoV-2 continues to cause an unrelenting rise in morbidity and mortality. In order to strengthen host immunity against the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and its continuously arising variants, it is urgent to devise and develop alternative strategies. Several COVID-19 vaccines have recently been created, but the data on their protective efficacy is still disputed. Therefore, quick action is needed to boost system immunity so that it can effectively combat newly emerging infections. The idea of trained immunity may be crucial to defense against COVID-19. When the protective efficacy of vaccines is questioned, the ability of trained immunity-based vaccines to promote heterologous immune responses beyond their specific antigens may be particularly helpful in protecting against an emergency situation like COVID-19. A growing body of research suggests that BCG or other microbes can boost immune responses in a way that is advantageous and may offer protection from COVID-19. Clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in elderly patients and healthcare workers. In this review, we’ll talk about how BCG helps people develop trained immunity as well as potential restrictions and difficulties in containing COVID-19 and upcoming pandemics.
Keywords: innate immunity; BCG; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; vaccines
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biology
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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