Research Paper on A Review of Microbial Remediation as a Promising Method for Cleanup of Polluted Sites, with a Focus on Heavy Metal and Pesticide Pollution

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Title: A Review of Microbial Remediation as a Promising Method for Cleanup of Polluted Sites, with a Focus on Heavy Metal and Pesticide Pollution

Abstract: Pollution from heavy metals and pesticides has permeated every ecosystem in the modern, industrialized world and has become unavoidable. The stability of the environment as well as the health of living things have been threatened by metal and pesticide pollution because of their tenacity, recalcitrance, high toxicity, and biological enrichment. Heavy metals and pesticides are persistent in the environment, which causes them to accumulate and contaminate the food chain. Therefore, it is crucial to give top priority to cleaning up pesticide and heavy metal contamination. For this purpose, a variety of physico-chemical techniques have been used, but they have significant drawbacks, including high costs, high labor costs, changes to soil properties, disruptions of the native soil microflora, and the production of toxic byproducts. In order to solve this complex issue, which involves the removal, immobilization, and detoxification of pesticides and heavy metals in the most effective and economical ways, researchers from all over the world are concentrating on bioremediation strategies. Over millions of years of evolution, microorganisms have evolved the ability to detoxify heavy metal ions and pesticides and have become resistant to intoxicants. As a result, they have contributed to the long-term environmental benefits of restoring degraded environments to their natural state. We aimed to provide a generalized picture of the bioremediation capacity of microorganisms, keeping in mind the environmental and health concerns imposed by heavy metals and pesticides in our society. For the remediation of both metals and pesticides, we investigate the use of bacteria, fungi, algae, and genetically modified microbes. In addition to a brief description of molecular techniques like systemic biology, gene editing, and omics that have improved the bioremediation process and expanded its microbiological techniques toward the remediation of heavy metals and pesticides, this review summarizes the main detoxification pathways and bioremediation technologies.

Keywords: heavy metals; pesticides; effects; bioremediation; mechanism

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Biology

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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