Description
Title: Veterinarians’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Survey and Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Use and Treatment Failure in Indian Dairy Herds
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is greatly exacerbated by the industry’s indiscriminate use of antibiotics (AMR). The current study aims to evaluate the patterns of antimicrobial use and AMR risk factors in India’s animal husbandry industry. A questionnaire with 52 variables related to antibiotic use and the emergence of AMR in dairy herds was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) among veterinarians. KAP scores were calculated to rank respondents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice levels. Additionally, both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on risk factors linked to treatment failure. Out of a total of 466 respondents, the majority scored on judicious antibiotic usage with average knowledge (69.5%), neutral attitude (93.2%), and moderate practice (51.3%). Mastitis (88.0%), reproductive issues (76.6%), and hemoprotozoan infections (49.6%) were cited by veterinarians as the top three disease conditions that call for the use of antibiotics. The “own experience” of the majority of veterinarians (90.6%) served as the primary criterion for antibiotic selection. There have been reports of the use of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) list of the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIA) in animals, particularly quinolones (76.8%) and third-generation cephalosporins (47.8%). According to a multivariable regression analysis of the risk factors, the odds of the outcome variable “treatment failure” were found to be significantly 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1-3.0) and 3.6 (95% CI: 2.3-5.8) in favor of the dairy farmers not following the veterinarian’s prescription for an antibiotic course and the demand for antibiotic use even in conditions not requiring it (p 0.05). The significant factors that require attention to combat the rising AMR in the veterinary sector in India include the average KAP score of veterinarians, subpar farm management techniques, a lack of awareness among farmers regarding prudent antibiotic use, and a lack of antibiotic stewardship.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial usage; bovine; India; KAP survey; veterinarians
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Antibiotics
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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