Research Paper on Antimicrobial Potential and Resistance to Biofilm Formation in Terminalia catappa Multidrug-resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria are resistant to functionalized silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans.

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Title: Antimicrobial Potential and Resistance to Biofilm Formation in Terminalia catappa Multidrug-resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria are resistant to functionalized silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans.

Abstract: In addition to shielding bacteria and Candida species from antibiotics, biofilms encourage the development of drug-resistant strains, which makes eradication more difficult. Novel antimicrobial agents are therefore urgently required to prevent the formation of biofilms. In this study, a one-pot, one-step procedure was used to enhance the TCE-capped silver nanoparticles (TCE-AgNPs) using Terminalia catappa leaf extract (TCE). Different TCE concentrations have produced AgNPs of various sizes. Using UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, the physico-chemical characterization of TCE-AgNPs has demonstrated the formation of nanostructures, their shape and size, and the plausible role of TCE bio-active compounds, which are most likely involved in the synthesis and stabilization of NPs, respectively. Several microbiological protocols have been used to test TCE-AgNPs for antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA). According to a crystal violet microtiter assay, TCE-Ag-NPs-3 significantly reduces the biofilm formation of MDR-PA, MRSA, and C. albicans by 73.7, 69.56, and 63.63%, respectively, at a concentration of 7.8 g/mL. Additionally, a SEM micrograph demonstrates that TCE-AgNPs significantly reduce biofilm-forming cells’ ability to colonize and adhere to surfaces. Additionally, it was possible to see individual cells that had lost the integrity of their cell walls and membranes, which indicated that the EPS matrix and biofilm architecture had both been severely harmed. Additionally, TEM and SEM images demonstrated that MDR-PA, MRSA, and C. albicans cell walls and membranes were severely harmed by TCE-AgNPs. Extreme ultrastructural changes, including membrane and cell wall separation from the cells and cell wall eformation and disintegration, have also been seen. These changes indicate a significant loss of membrane and cell wall integrity, which ultimately caused cell death. Overall, col- loidal TCE-AgNPs with promising applications in advanced clinical settings against broad-spectrum biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant bacteria and candida strains were produced using a straightforward, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method.

Keywords: biofilm; antibiotics resistant; bio-actives capping; silver nanoparticles; TEM; ultrastruc- tural changes; Candida albicans; MRSA

Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper

Subject: Antibiotics

Writer Experience: 20+ Years

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