Description
Title: Current Knowledge of Pentapeptide Repeat Protein Structure and Function
Abstract: Since its discovery in 1998, the pentapeptide repeat protein (PRP) superfamily has expanded to include nearly 39,000 sequences from more than 3300 species. PRPs adopt a remarkable structure, a right-handed quadrilateral -helix with four consecutive PRs forming a single -helix coil. PRPs are recognized as having at least eight contiguous pentapeptide repeats (PRs) of a consensus pentapeptide sequence. A “tower” of adjacent coils that is stabilized by -ladders on the tower faces and type I, type II, or type IV -turns allows the polypeptide chain connecting one coil face to the next to be redirected by about 90 degrees. All forms of life have been found to contain PRPs, but cyanobacteria are where they are most frequently found. The oxygenation of the earth’s atmosphere is thought to have been caused by cyanobacteria, which have been present on the planet for more than two billion years. It’s possible that filamentous cyanobacteria like Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 are among the planet’s earliest and most basic multicellular organisms. The biochemical role of these PRPs must be understood in order to comprehend how ancient cyanobacteria developed into organisms that performed essential roles in the early evolution of life on Earth. PRPs are predicted to be present in all cyanobacterial compartments, including the cytoplasm, thylakoid periplasm, and cell-wall membranes. The biochemical roles of PRPs in cyanobacteria are largely unknown, despite their intriguing structure and significance for understanding ancient cyanobacteria. Only sixteen PRPs or PRP-containing multidomain proteins from any organism have been reported to have three-dimensional structures, and only a small number of PRPs from any organisms have a known precise biochemical function. The state of our understanding of PRP structures and functions is presented and discussed in this review.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; filamentous cyanobacteria; heterocyst; Nostoc sp. strain Pcc7120 pentapeptide repeat protein; protein crystallography; repeat five residue fold
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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