Description
Title: TGF-‘s Function in Bone Metastases
Abstract: Advanced cancer complications pose a significant clinical challenge and, if they are accompanied by bone metastases, worsen the prognosis and jeopardize the patients’ chances of survival. Cancer cells from the breast and prostate have a high propensity to spread to the bone. The unique bone microenvironment fosters the growth of cancer cells while mineralized bone matrices store potent cytokines and growth factors. One of the most plentiful growth factors, biologically active transforming growth factor (TGF-), is released after tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. TGF- encourages tumor cells to secrete substances that hasten bone loss and support the colonization of tumor cells. TGF- is therefore essential for causing the vicious cycle of tumor growth in bone. TGF- additionally encourages epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which heightens cell invasion, angiogenesis, and metastatic development. TGF- suppresses immune responses, allowing opportunistic cancer cells to bypass immune checkpoints and encourage bone metastases, according to emerging research. It is possible to break the vicious cycle, stop EMT, and improve immune response by blocking TGF- signaling pathways. TGF-‘s dual function as a tumor suppressor and enhancer, however, poses a significant obstacle to the development of therapeutics that focus on TGF- signaling. This review discusses the role of TGF- in the development of cancer and bone metastases while highlighting the most recent theories regarding the therapeutic potential of focusing on TGF- pathways.
Keywords: bone metastases; transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1); immune cells; TGF-β therapeutic targets; check-point inhibitors; bone resorption
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
Plagiarism Report: Turnitin Plagiarism Report will be less than 10%
Restriction: Only one author may purchase a single paper. The paper will then indicate that it is out of stock.
What will I get after the purchase?
A turnitin plagiarism report of less than 10% in a pdf file and a full research paper in a word document.
In case you have any questions related to this research paper, please feel free to call/ WhatsApp on +919726999915
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.