Description
Title: A Sustainable Agricultural Future: Sensors, Transducers, and Amino Acid Signaling for TOR in Eukaryotes
Abstract: Through the regulatory hub of the atypical protein kinase target of rapamycin (TOR), eukaryotic cells keep track of and control metabolism. Through molecular signaling pathways that have been thoroughly characterized over the past ten years, TOR is activated by amino acids in both animals and fungi. The acute responsiveness of TOR to amino acid metabolism in plants was recently discovered by a number of studies, but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not yet been determined. In this review, we highlight these findings while highlighting pathways that are indirectly sensitive to amino acids, such as how TOR monitors changes in amino acid availability without a true amino acid sensor. We also emphasize the diversity of amino acid sensors in human cells. We then go over how these model discoveries relate to plant biology. We concentrate on the possibility that TOR detects both organic metabolites and inorganic nutrients because plants can synthesize all proteinogenic amino acids from inorganic precursors. As a result, we draw the conclusion that an evolutionary viewpoint on nutrient sensing by TOR is advantageous to both agricultural science and biomedical science, supporting ongoing efforts to develop crops for a sustainable agricultural future.
Keywords: amino acid signaling; target of rapamycin; metabolism; mTOR; Sestrin2; GCN2; Castor1; GATOR; Ragulator; Arabidopsis thaliana
Paper Quality: SCOPUS / Web of Science Level Research Paper
Subject: Biomolecules
Writer Experience: 20+ Years
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